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Authors
Hsieh, Wen-Che
Huang, Yu-Han
Hsu, Tzu-Ju
Tsai, Fuu-Jen
Hsu, Chao-Yu
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Article History
Received: 7 March 2025
Revised: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 25 April 2025
First Online: 12 May 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Research Ethics Committee of China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (CMUH111-REC2-109(CR-2)). Given that the patient data utilized in this study was rigorously de-identified and derived from the National Health Insurance Research Database, the Institutional Review Board of China Medical University Hospital in Taichung, Taiwan, waived the requirement of obtaining informed consent. The procedures were meticulously conducted in full compliance with applicable guidelines and regulations. Research involving human participants, human biological materials, or human data was carried out in accordance with the ethical principles set forth in the “Declaration of Helsinki”.
: Not applicable.
