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Authors
Alnafesah, Ghada M.
Alshehri, Mohammed A.
Binshaya, Abdulkarim S.
Alissa, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-0810
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU/2025/R/1447)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Revised: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Experiments were conducted in accordance with national regulations for animal welfare and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). All procedures conformed to the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986, the National Research Council’s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the ARRIVE 2020 guidelines. All experimental protocols were approved by the Standing Committee of Bioethics Research (SCBR) at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia (Approval no. SCBR-301/2024). Every effort was made to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of animals used.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
