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Assessment of vegetation density trends in response to long-term climate change impacts in Western South Africa (1962–2022) using SPEI and NDVI time series

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44415-025-00030-3

Published Online: 2025-08-18

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Opiyo, Stephen Balaka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-5192
Pienaar, Lisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-0715
Piketh, Stuart J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2804-879X
Burger, Roelof P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-4588
Chikoore, Hector https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2625-8881
Havenga, Henno https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-0295
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-08-18

Version of Record valid from 2025-08-18
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Article History

Received: 29 March 2025

Accepted: 8 August 2025

First Online: 18 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.