Dada, Adebowale D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-1158
Olusola, Adedeji J.
Awotoye, Olusegun O.
Odiwe, Anthony. I.
Article History
Received: 30 January 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors implemented the present study in studies on relatively undisturbed forest reserves (UFR) and a protected forest (PF) in the humid tropical rainforests of Sub-Saharan Africa. The study was conducted in accordance with the relevant forestry and environmental authorities’ ethical guidelines for ecological and biodiversity research. The required permissions for fieldwork within these study sites were acquired from the respective forestry management agencies, while permission to access the forest reserves was obtained from local authorities and community stakeholders. As with all ecological studies, tree species enumeration and structural measurements were made according to established ecological protocols to impact the natural habitat as little as possible. Taxonomic identities were confirmed in the field by the Taxonomist from the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA). All research was carried out and conducted consistent with conservation guidelines and ethical standards according to the agreement of the corresponding institutions and species/taxa of interest, with respect to endangered or otherwise protected species where the necessary permissions were secured.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.