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Article History

Received: 17 August 2025

Accepted: 18 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The plant material used in this study consisted of immature pods of Vachellia farnesiana obtained from adult wild trees located at the Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) in General Escobedo, Nuevo León, México. The collection was carried out in compliance with all relevant local and national guidelines for the research use of plant material. As this species is not considered endangered or protected, no special permits or licenses were required for its collection.

: Not applicable.

: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.