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Article History

Received: 1 May 2026

Accepted: 21 September 2026

First Online: 24 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research consisted solely of an ecological field survey focusing on vegetation and habitat characteristics. It did not involve the use of seeds or experimental planting materials. Field investigations were conducted in accordance with applicable institutional, national, and international guidelines for plant research and biodiversity conservation. Necessary permissions to access and conduct vegetation surveys in the study area were obtained from the appropriate authorities prior to fieldwork. All plant species were identified in the field by Dr. Pranab Kumar Pati with the help of Flora of Madhya Pradesh and other related Flora such as “INDIAN TREES an account of trees, shrubs, woody climbers, bamboos and palms indigenous or commonly cultivated in the British India Empire (Brandis 1921) and “Flora of the upper Gangetic plain, and of the adjacent Siwalik and sub-Himalayan tracts” (Duthie, 1960). The study was conducted in accordance with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) policy statement on research involving species at risk of extinction. No plant species classified as threatened, endangered, or otherwise at risk on the IUCN Red List, or listed under CITES, were collected, harmed, or disturbed during the course of this study. The plant species included in the present study were common and readily identifiable in the field based on their diagnostic morphological characteristics. Therefore, no plant specimens were collected for taxonomic identification or preserved as voucher specimens. The scientific names are presented with the respective author citations in the species table.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.