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Authors
Howlett, Claire https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0803-8396
Ravalli, Filippo
Bhatt, Kishan
Fabsitz, Richard R.
Tellez-Plaza, Maria
Umans, Jason G.
Goessler, Walter
Grau-Perez, Maria
Devereux, Richard B.
Navas-Acien, Ana
Martinez-Morata, Irene https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3165-4931
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES021367, R01ES025216, R01ES032638, P42ES033719, and P30ES009089, R01ES021367, R01ES025216, R01ES032638, P42ES033719, and P30ES009089, R01ES021367, R01ES025216, R01ES032638, P42ES033719, and P30ES009089, R01ES021367, R01ES025216, R01ES032638, P42ES033719, and P30ES009089, R01ES021367, R01ES025216, R01ES032638, P42ES033719, and P30ES009089)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (75N92019D00027, 75N92019D00028, 75N92019D00029, & 75N92019D00030, 75N92019D00027, 75N92019D00028, 75N92019D00029, & 75N92019D00030, 75N92019D00027, 75N92019D00028, 75N92019D00029, & 75N92019D00030, 75N92019D00027, 75N92019D00028, 75N92019D00029, & 75N92019D00030)
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 11 June 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Declarations
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: The Strong Heart Study and its expansion, the Strong Heart Family Study, are participatory based studies working in partnership with tribal communities in the Southwest, the Northern plains, and the Southern Plains. The protocol was approved by institutional review boards (IRBs), participating tribal communities, and the respective area Indian Health Service IRBs. All participants provided informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
