Du, Luchao
Lv, Ying
Duan, Menghan
Liu, Aihua
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974139)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974139)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974139)
Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974139)
Article History
Received: 13 April 2025
Revised: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Luchao Du declares that she has no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest. Ying Lv also declares that she has no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest. Menghan Duan also declares that there are no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest. Aihua Liu is a member of the Discover Physics editorial board, he declares that no financial or non-financial competing interests exist in relation to this work. In compliance with the journal’s conflict of interest policy, Aihua Liu has recused himself from all aspects of the editorial handling, review, and decision-making process for this manuscript. The full editorial process was conducted independently by other members of the editorial team to ensure objectivity and impartiality.