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Authors
Waseem, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-5344
Kumar, Santosh
Hameed, Sidra https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3975-8778
Hasnain, Muhammad
Arshad, Romana
Iqbal, Sana https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8653-8490
Farooq, Umer
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Revised: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The study used AI-assisted tools solely for copy-editing purposes to improve readability and correct minor grammar and formatting issues in human-generated text. No generative AI was used for content creation, and all authors take full responsibility for the manuscript’s content. This is documented in the Methods section of the manuscript.
