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Article History

Received: 26 February 2026

Revised: 29 April 2026

Accepted: 30 April 2026

First Online: 9 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors are members of the editorial board for Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Informatica. To ensure an impartial review, both authors were excluded from the peer review and editorial decision-making process for this manuscript.

: LLMs were used to enhance the phrasing and flow of this manuscript. However, all core content- including the researchconcept, experimental design, data analysis, results, and scientific interpretations, are solely the product of authors’ work. TheAI language models were used exclusively to improve the clarity and presentation of our research findings.