The ecology of artificial intelligence: energy, water, materials, and land limits of digital systems
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44438-025-00018-8
Published Online: 2025-12-02
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Hlabisa, Sibongiseni
Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-02
Version of Record valid from 2025-12-02
Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Revised: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.