Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2025AFD239)
Theme Case Project of the Degree and Graduate Education (ZT-231052501)
Ph.D. Research Startup Foundation Project of Hubei University of Automotive Technology (BK202407)
National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (61471174)
Guangzhou Science Research Project under Grant (2014J4100247)
Article History
Received: 24 May 2025
Accepted: 27 July 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025