Wang, Xingyao
Ding, Haiyang
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62472040)
Beijing Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Project (KM202110015004)
the general research project of Beijing Association of Higher Education (MS2023204)
Research project on digital education in Beijing (BDEC2023619095)
Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication Doctoral Funding Project (27170120003/020)
Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication Doctoral Funding Project (27170122006)
Projects of BIGC (Ea202411)
Projects of BIGC (Ec202201)
Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.