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Authors
AL-Makhlafi, Moeen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-3046
Alsmadi, Mutasem K.
Almekhlafi, Eiad
Smadi, Ahmad AL
ALKannad, Abdulrahman A.
Wu, Fuhui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yidan University Education Foundation (JJA202507)
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.
