Crossmark

TE-SFMTL: enhanced multi-task learning framework with triple-encoder for extremely imbalanced Arabic toxicity detection

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-026-00756-w

Published Online: 2026-06-05

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Itriq, Mariam https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9039-7441
Mohd Noor, Mohd Halim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-3270
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-05

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-06-05
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Article History

Received: 25 January 2026

Accepted: 9 April 2026

First Online: 5 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.