Gao, Enting
Dong, Xinghua
Li, Yonggang
Zhu, Junhui
Chen, Xinjian
Zhou, Naihui
Xiang, Dehui
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics of Jiangsu Province (KJS2446)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (61971298,81871352,61771326,62371328)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7264253)
Article History
Received: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 21 June 2026
First Online: 1 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics declaration: Both AA dataset and AA-Validation external validation dataset were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board. All patient identifiable information in all pathological images was thoroughly anonymized prior to all experimental analyses.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.