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A comprehensive survey of Edge-Fog-Cloud-IoT architectures: Intelligence, Security, and Sustainability

Published Online: 2026-09-22

Published Print: 2026-10

Authors

Effraim, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0521-5567
Mensah, Micheal

Budu, Bismark
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-09-22

Version of Record valid from 2026-09-22
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Article History

Received: 6 July 2026

Accepted: 9 August 2026

First Online: 22 September 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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