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Authors
Al-Obaidi, Mustafa Younus Naji https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6043-2352
Gholam, Mohammed Kassim
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
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: The current in-vitro study was approved by the MUCOD Human Research Ethical Committee, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University (Code: MUOPR29).
: Not applicable. This study does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: Not applicable, as no human participants were involved in the study.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
