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Authors
Hammal, Abdulrazzaq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-1376
Al-Duihi, Heba Al-Hamed
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Article History
Received: 23 August 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants or animal experiments. Bacterial strains were obtained from standard laboratory collections.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
