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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2025R469)
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Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Accepted: 28 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Alexandria University’s faculty of medicine (IRB no. 0306713). Each participant voluntarily participated in the study and provided informed consent. Participants were free to withdraw from the study at any time, without any effect on their hospital services. Confidentiality and anonymity of the participants was ensured throughout the study.
: The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that may have influenced the work reported in this study.
