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Authors
Alqahtani, Saud https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4587-0450
Alqahtani, Taha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-8754
Venkatesan, Krishnaraju https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-5907
Easwaran, Vigneshwaran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-4825
Prabahar, Kousalya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8224-4276
Paulsamy, Premalatha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-480X
Ahmed, Rehab https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-469X
Sirag, Nizar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-6332
Sivadasan, Durgaramani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-8406
Elfadil, Hassabelrasoul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-1294
Alharthi, Nouf M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-9068
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University (RGP 2/411/46)
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at King Khalid University (ECM#2023–505, dated 12 th January 2023).
: Participation was entirely voluntary, and the study included all pharmacists willing to participate who agreed to the electronic consent provided at the start of the questionnaire. No identifying personal information was collected, and all responses were kept confidential and analyzed in aggregate form.
: The authors declare that there is no potential conflict of interest in this paper.
