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Article History

Received: 6 February 2026

Accepted: 29 April 2026

First Online: 13 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol, questionnaire, and informed consent procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC; approval number E‑25‑9854, issued on 24 June 2025) and King Fahad Medical City (KFMC; approval number 25‑337E, issued on 22 June 2025). Data collection commenced only after formal ethical clearance had been obtained, and the study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human participants. The study protocol, questionnaire, and informed consent procedures were reviewed and approved by KSUMC Institutional Review Board (IRB) under approval number E-25—9854, issued on 24 June 2025and KFMC Institutional Review Board (IRB) under approval number 25—337E issued on 22 June 2025. Data collection commenced only after obtaining formal ethical clearance from the IRB. The study strictly adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human participants. All participants were informed about the aims and procedures of the study and provided informed consent before participation. No personally identifying information was collected, and all questionnaire responses were handled anonymously to ensure participants’ privacy.

: Before accessing the questionnaire items, participants were presented with an information page describing the study aims, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and data confidentiality. They were then asked to indicate whether they agreed or disagreed to participate; only those who selected “I agree” could proceed to complete the survey, and this electronic confirmation was considered to constitute informed consent. No personally identifying information was collected, and all questionnaire responses were handled anonymously to ensure participants’ privacy.

: None declared.