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Authors
AlHazmi, Saja https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6093-1677
AlRasheed, Hayam A. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6186-848X
Gomaa, Basma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4059-1143
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2026
Accepted: 20 May 2026
First Online: 10 July 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was exempted by the Institutional Review Board of Nova Southeastern University, IRB #: 2025–511.
: N/A.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: During manuscript preparation, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) for language refinement purposes only, including improving clarity and readability. The tool was not used to generate data, perform analyses, or inform study interpretations. The authors critically reviewed all content and assumed full responsibility for the final manuscript.
