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Authors
Ting, Ung Hua https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9803-1691
Abidin, Mohd Zahid bin
Tieng, Francis Yew Fu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-3934
Abdullah, Mohd Syafiq bin
Omoregie, Armstrong Ighodalo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-9638
Ab Razak, Abdul Fattah B.
Salleh, Mohammad Hafsanjani bin
Mohamad Basri, Siti Nadhira binti
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development (UTS/RESEARCH/2/2022/11)
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2025
First Online: 15 May 2025
Declarations
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: An ethical waiver was granted because this study involved a low-risk sensory evaluation and all protocols were executed in accordance with applicable laws and institutional policies. Formal ethical approval was not deemed necessary by the UTS University Research Committee as it involved minimal risk to participants and did not involve sensitive data or vulnerable populations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, who were fully briefed on the study’s objectives, procedures, and their right to withdraw. All data were anonymised to protect participant privacy and confidentiality.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.
