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Article History

Received: 17 September 2025

Revised: 30 September 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 11 February 2026

Change Date: 19 April 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Due to a technical glitch the PRS has not transferred the equal contribution statement. It should read “Minyoung Jung and Sukyung Kim share first authorship”.

Declarations

:

: Junghyun Lim, Chanwoo Kim, and Jaeho Lee are employees of Lotte R&D Center. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the journal policies on sharing data and materials. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation, or the decision to publish. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Samsung Medical Center (protocol code SMC-2025-04-013, date of approval: April 2025). Each original cohort study was approved by the respective IRBs at the time of data collection. Written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardians of all participants at the time of original cohort enrollment.