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Authors
Messelu, Mengistu Abebe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-0544
Amlak, Baye Tsegaye
Tiruneh, Bekele Getenet
Nibret, Getinet
Yechale, Mastewal
Alem, Dejen Tsegaye
Amha, Haile
Gedfew, Mihretie
Gete, Menberu
Ayenew, Tesfahun
Birhanie, Setarg Ayenew
Ayenew, Temesgen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Debre Markos University
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Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Revised: 28 February 2026
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 3 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the school of Nursing on behalf of the Debre Markos university of with ethical approval number RCSTTD/299/01/16. Verbal informed consent was obtained from the study participants for both quantitative and qualitative study. For those participants who aged less than 18 years, assent was taken from the parents. Data was kept anonymously by coding to maintain confidentiality. Information about specific personal identifiers, like the patients’ name were not collected, so it didn’t inflict any harm on the patients. All the processes of the research were performed and secured in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
