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Authors
Weng, Maxwell L.
Vena, Daniel
Wellman, Andrew
Malhotra, Atul
Sands, Scott A.
Huyett, Phillip
Kezirian, Eric J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-4521
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL160993)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL102321)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL128658)
American Academy of Sleep Medicine (257-FP-21)
American Heart Association (938014)
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Article History
Received: 2 March 2026
Revised: 1 May 2026
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the UCLA Institutional Review Board (IRB# 23–0796). All study participants provided written informed consent.
: All authors gave final approval of this version to be submitted.
: DV receives personal fees as a consultant and grant funding from Inspire Medical Systems. AW works as a consultant for Apnimed, Nox, Inspire, Mosanna, Takeda, and iNOS. He has received grants from Prosomnus. He also has a financial interest in Apnimed, Mosanna, and iNOS, which are developing therapies for sleep apnea. Dr. Wellman’s interests were reviewed and are managed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies. SAS received grant support from Apnimed, Prosomnus, and Dynaflex, and has served as a consultant for Apnimed, Nox Medical, Inspire Medical Systems, Eli Lilly, Respicardia, LinguaFlex, and Achaemenid. He receives royalties for intellectual property pertaining to combination pharmacotherapy for sleep apnea via his Institution. He is also co-inventor of intellectual property pertaining to wearable sleep apnea phenotyping also via his Institution. He has received equity in Achaemenid, a company commercializing biosensor technology for monitoring oral appliance treatment efficacy. He is also co-inventor of intellectual property pertaining to wearable sleep apnea phenotyping also via his Institution. His industry interactions are actively managed by his Institution. PH serves as an educational consultant for Inspire Medical Systems and receives research support from Inspire Medical Systems and Nyxoah. EJK is a consultant for Cryosa, Nyxoah, and Berendo Scientific. EJK is a co-inventor related to intellectual property for Magnap and Berendo Scientific. EJK has previously received research funding from Inspire Medical Systems. The funders were not involved in the study design, the collection, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication.
