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Authors
Alannsary, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2254-1441
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2026
Accepted: 3 July 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: This study does not involve human participants, human data, or personal identifiable information. The research is based solely on the evaluation of publicly accessible e-services using automated tools. No user interaction, data collection, or experimental intervention involving individuals was conducted. Therefore, ethical approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or equivalent committee was not required.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
