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Article History

Received: 23 July 2026

Accepted: 30 September 2026

First Online: 8 October 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study used only published, publicly available data and is therefore considered exempt from institutional review board review under 45 CFR § 46.104(d)(4). This article does not contain any patient-identifiable information. Therefore, patient consent is not required.

Prior presentations: Part of the material in this manuscript was presented at the 63rd ERA Congress, held on June 3-6, 2026 in Glasgow, UK.

Competing interests: All authors received support for the present manuscript from Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. JI, JL, GGP, MM, and BB are employees of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, and may own stock or stock options in the company. MF and RH are employees of Analysis Group Incorporated, a consulting firm retained by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated to conduct research pertaining to this work. TP and PM are employees of HEOR Ltd, a consulting firm retained by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated to conduct research pertaining to this work. KRT is an employee of Providence Inland Northwest Health, and received investigator-initiated grants to her institution from Otsuka and Travere; royalties from UpToDate; consulting fees from Alnylam, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Glaxo Smith Kline, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, ProKidney, and Roche; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, or speakers bureaus from Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, and Travere; and participation on data safety monitoring board or advisory board from AstraZeneca, NIDDK, and George Clinical Institute.