Fletcher, Paige http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-305X
Hamilton, Raymond F. Jr.
Rhoderick, Joseph F.
Postma, Britten
Buford, Mary
Pestka, James J.
Holian, Andrij
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (F31 ES028100, R01 ES023209, R01 ES027353)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P30 GM103338)
Article History
Received: 7 December 2020
Revised: 19 January 2021
Accepted: 28 January 2021
First Online: 10 February 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest or competing interests to declare.
: The animal use protocol (035-16AHCEHS-062816) was approved by the University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee for all mouse studies described within this manuscript. The mice are maintained in microisolation containers within the BSL-2 Laboratory Animal Resources facility at the University of Montana in the accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The animal care facility at the University of Montana is staffed with full-time veterinarians that are AAALAC accredited. Mice were monitored on a daily basis along with during/after exposure to particles. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane before particle or vehicle control instillations so as not to use any restraints or cause distress. All procedures within these studies caused minimal discomfort to the mice; however, in any cases where it was deemed that the mice were in pain or distress (adverse body weight, abnormal activity, poor grooming, abnormal posture) the animal was humanely euthanized.