Ahmed, Rabeeyah http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-2871
de Souza, Russell J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-513X
Li, Vincent
Banfield, Laura http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-1476
Anand, Sonia S. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-7441
Article History
Received: 27 July 2023
Accepted: 16 October 2023
First Online: 4 January 2024
Acknowledgements
: We thank J. Wu (McMaster University, ON, Canada) for his assistance with extracting data and creating summary tables.
: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials. Demographic and prevalence data sourced from resources in the public domain are referenced in the InternalRef removed.
: SSA holds a Canada Research Chair in Ethnic Diversity and Cardiovascular Disease (Tier 1) and Michael G. DeGroote Heart and Stroke Chair in Population Health.
: SSA holds a Canada Research Chair in Ethnic Diversity and Cardiovascular Disease and the Heart and Stroke Michael G DeGroote Chair in Population Health. SSA also has received honoraria from Bayer, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, and Daiichi Sankyo (consulting and speaker fees). RJdS has served as an external resource person to the WHO’s Nutrition Guidelines Advisory Group on trans fats, saturated fats and polyunsaturated fats. The WHO paid for his travel and accommodation to attend meetings from 2012 to 2017 to present and discuss this work. He presented updates of this work to the WHO in 2022. He has also carried out contract research for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research’s Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Health Canada and the WHO for which he received remuneration. He has received speaker’s fees from the University of Toronto and McMaster Children’s Hospital. He has held grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Foundation for Dietetic Research, Population Health Research Institute and Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation as a principal investigator and is a co-investigator on several funded team grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. He has served as an independent director of the Helderleigh Foundation (Canada) and as a member of the Nutrition Science Advisory Committee to Health Canada (Government of Canada). He is a co-opted member of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) Subgroup on the Framework for the Evaluation of Evidence (Public Health England).
: SSA, RJdS and RA were responsible for the conception and design of the study. LB developed the search strategy. RA and RJdS screened the articles and RA and VL carried out the data extraction. RA, RJdS, VL and SSA were responsible for the analysis and interpretation of the results. RA, RJdS and SSA drafted the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis and manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published. RJdS and SSA are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.