Htoo, Phyo T. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-8306
Tesfaye, Helen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-2813
Schneeweiss, Sebastian http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-467X
Wexler, Deborah J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-402X
Everett, Brendan M.
Glynn, Robert J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0697-8996
Schmedt, Niklas
Koeneman, Lisette
Déruaz-Luyet, Anouk
Paik, Julie M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-5445
Patorno, Elisabetta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-9898
Funding for this research was provided by:
Boehringer Ingelheim (116283)
Article History
Received: 18 October 2023
Accepted: 5 February 2024
First Online: 21 March 2024
Acknowledgements
: Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the 38th International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology and Therapeutic Risk Management (ICPE) in 2022.
: Raw data used in the manuscript are not available to share due to the data user agreements in place but are available for purchase through the data vendors.
: This study was supported by a research grant to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Boehringer Ingelheim. The authors had full control of the design and conduct of the study and the interpretation of the study’s findings. The authors retained the right of publication and determined the final wording of the manuscript. PTH was supported by a training grant (5T32DK007527) from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and is currently supported by a post-doctoral grant (4-22-PDFPM-15) from the American Diabetes Association. EP was supported by a career development grant (K08AG055670) from the National Institute on Aging and research grants from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (DB-2020C2-20326) and the Food and Drug Administration (5U01FD007213).
: PTH previously worked at Johnson & Johnson on unrelated work. SS reports investigator-initiated grants to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh, and owns equity in a software manufacturer, Aetion, Inc. DJW reports serving on data monitoring committees for Novo Nordisk, consulting for Elsevier and UpToDate, and grants from PCORI. BME reports consulting for Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Provention Bio, Ipsen Pharmaceuticals, the NIDDK, the American Heart Association and UptoDate; and grants from PCORI and Novo Nordisk outside the submitted work. RJG reports grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Kowa, Novartis and Pfizer outside the submitted work. LK is an employee of Eli Lilly and Company, and owns stock in Eli Lilly and Company. NS and AD-L are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: All authors approved the final version to be published. PTH contributed to the study design, data analysis and initial development of the manuscript, and is the guarantor of this work. HT contributed to the data analysis and critical review of the manuscript. EP contributed to the study conception and design and critical review of the manuscript. DJW, JMP and BME contributed to the study conception and critical review of the manuscript. RJG and SS contributed to the study design, statistical input and critical review of the manuscript. NS, LK and AD-L participated in the study design, study conception and critical review of the manuscript. PTH and EP are responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole and are guarantors of the study.