Eleftheriadou, Aikaterini http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-8523
Riley, David http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-6524
Zhao, Sizheng S. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-7353
Austin, Philip http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-220X
Hernández, Gema http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-455X
Lip, Gregory Y. H.
Jackson, Timothy L. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-1555
Wilding, John P. H.
Alam, Uazman http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-1122
Article History
Received: 15 October 2023
Accepted: 9 February 2024
First Online: 8 April 2024
Acknowledgements
: Some of the data were presented as an abstract at the 59th EASD Annual Meeting in 2023. No data from Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust was used in this analysis.
: To gain access to the data in the TriNetX research network, a request can be made to TriNetX (ExternalRef removed), but costs may be incurred, a data sharing agreement would be necessary and no patient identifiable information can be obtained.
: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
: PA and GH are employees of TriNetX. UA has received honoraria from Viatris, Grünenthal, Eli Lilly, Procter & Gamble, and Sanofi for educational meetings and has received investigator-led funding form Proctor & Gamble. GYHL is a speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo and Anthem. No fees are received personally. He is also a co-principal investigator of the AFFIRMO project on multi-morbidity in atrial fibrillation, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 899871. TLJ is a consultant/advisor to Opthea, 2CTech, iLumen, solicitors acting for Regeneron, Appellis, PHMR and DORC. His team, in the KORU unit, receives free use of equipment for non-commercial trials he leads from KCL, and previously from Zeiss. JPHW reports consultancy/advisory board work for the pharmaceutical industry contracted via the University of Liverpool (no personal payment) for Altimmune, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytoki, Lilly, Napp, Novo Nordisk, Menarini, Pfizer, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Saniona, Tern, Shionogi and Ysopia; research grants for clinical trials from AstraZeneca and Novo Nordisk; and personal honoraria/lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Napp, Novo Nordisk and Rhythm. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: All authors contributed to the conception and the writing of the manuscript. AE interpreted the data and wrote the first version of the manuscript. AE and UA edited the manuscript. DR, PA and GH contributed to the study design. DR was responsible for the data analysis. SSZ, PA and GH facilitated the statistical analyses. DR, SSZ, GH, GYHL, JPHW, TLJ and UA contributed to data interpretation. DR, GYHL, JPHW, TLJ and UA reviewed the manuscript and contributed to the discussion. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published. UA is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.