Li, Xinyu http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0225-6937
Donnelly, Louise A.
Slieker, Roderick C. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-9152
Beulens, Joline W. J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-0937
‘t Hart, Leen M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-2938
Elders, Petra J. M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-7219
Pearson, Ewan R. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-8585
van Giessen, Anoukh http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-9500
Leal, Jose http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-6730
Feenstra, Talitha http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5788-0454
Funding for this research was provided by:
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (115881)
Article History
Received: 29 November 2023
Accepted: 12 February 2024
First Online: 16 April 2024
Acknowledgements
: The authors acknowledge all the DCS and GoDARTS participants and all personnel at the Amsterdam University Medical Center and University of Dundee who have helped with the cohort creation and maintenance. The authors also acknowledge the Health Informatics Centre for the provision of anonymised clinical data for GoDARTS from NHS Tayside, the original data owner. The authors thank A. A. Van Der Heijden, Amsterdam UMC, for providing DCS data and helping out on various data-related questions; S. Emamipour, University of Groningen, for helping with understanding DCS data; J. Wang, Utrecht University, S. R. A. Konings, University of Groningen, and F. Li, University of Groningen, for their scientific advice; and the audience from the 56th Annual Meeting of the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group, especially J. Dennis, University of Exeter, for the scientific advice.
: The data that support the findings of this study are available from Amsterdam University Medical Center and the University of Dundee, and were accessed by the authors via a formal data request procedure and as a part of the RHAPSODY project. Therefore, the data are not publicly available. Steering committees of the individual cohorts will consider reasonable requests for sharing of de-identified individual-level data.
: This project has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115881 (RHAPSODY). This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA. This work is supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 16.0097. The Hoorn DCS cohort was supported by grants from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (113102006, 459001015). The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of these funding bodies. The funding sources played no roles in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
: ERP received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Lilly, Illumina and Sanofi, and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Lilly. TF is a member of the Mount Hood Diabetes modelling challenge and a member of the ISPOR SIG open-source modelling group, and journal club organiser. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.
: XL did the literature search, designed the study, performed statistical analysis, conceptualised the paper and drafted the manuscript. AvG, JL and TF were involved in conceptualisation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, supervision, visualisation and writing. LAD, RCS, JWJB, LMH, PJME and ERP were involved in data curation and interpretation of data. LAD, RCS, JWJB, LMH, PJME, ERP, AvG, JL and TF reviewed and edited the manuscript. XL and TF had access to all the data and verified the underlying data reported in the manuscript. XL and TF are the guarantors of this work and, as such, take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.