Diebo, B. G.
Shah, N. V.
Stroud, S. G.
Paulino, C. B.
Schwab, F. J.
Lafage, V.
Article History
First Online: 14 February 2018
Compliance with ethical guidelines
:
: C.B. Paulino is a paid presenter or speaker for DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company. F.J. Schwab receives research support from DePuy, is a paid consultant, presenter or speaker for K2M, Medicrea, Medtronic, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Nuvasive, and Zimmer, owns stock or stock options in Nemaris INC, and is a board or committee member of the Scoliosis Research Society, Spine Deformity, and International Spine Society Group (Vice President). V. Lafage is a paid presenter or speaker for DePuy and Medtronic, receives research support from DePuy, is a board or committee member of the International Spine Study Group, Scoliosis Research Society, and Nemaris INC, and owns stock or stock options in Nemaris INC. B.G. Diebo, N.V. Shah and S.G. Stroud declare that they have no competing interests.
: This article represents a review of the literature, including original studies of human or animal subjects performed by their respective authors, in order to complete this article. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Where applicable, informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the respective studies.