Pyrz, Mariusz http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8765-4012
Krzywoblocki, Marek
Funding for this research was provided by:
Warsaw University of Technology
Article History
Received: 28 October 2018
Revised: 20 January 2019
Accepted: 13 February 2019
First Online: 22 March 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All necessary data of modeled structure have been given in the text of the paper (e.g., geometry of the S-frame, material properties, loading conditions). In the chapter 4.2, the formulation of the fitness function, penalty function, and penalty coefficients were detailed. Also, the operators and parameters of the evolutionary algorithm (developed in C#) were detailed in 4.3. Since the EA is used in the presented work, the optimization results might be verified using a similar optimization tool, but the main difficulty resides in the ability to model the crashworthiness phenomena in short processing time. The use of standard FE solvers makes the solution of the problem very hard because of time-consuming procedures related to high-speed dynamics studies. Furthermore, the AE belong to stochastic search methods and several independent runs of the optimization procedure might be necessary to check its efficacy and convergence rate for a given set of parameters.The numerical results presented in the paper have been obtained using the software Visual Crash Studio (VCS) that applies the macro element method to model the dynamics and energy absorption of thin-walled elements. The authors had the access to this powerful tool thanks to the courtesy of the Impact Design Europe company. The VCS is a commercial tool and is not free for use. Besides, its use as a batch-mode solver needed advanced knowledge of the program structure and encoding details.The modeling results using the VCS program of some typical problems have been validated in the past in many papers mentioned already in the chapters 3.1 and 3.2 (Takada and Abramowicz (CitationRef removed); Georgiou and Zeguer (CitationRef removed); Kim and Wierzbicki CitationRef removed). The validation of crashworthiness results for a thin-walled beam was presented, for example, in the previous work of authors, i.e., Pyrz and Krzywoblocki (CitationRef removed).