Okano, I.
Jones, C.
Salzmann, S. N.
Miller, C. O.
Shirahata, T.
Rentenberger, C.
Shue, J.
Carrino, J. A.
Sama, A. A.
Cammisa, F. P.
Girardi, F. P.
Hughes, A. P.
Article History
Received: 16 September 2019
Accepted: 24 February 2020
First Online: 13 March 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Hospital for Special Surgery (IRB no. 2016-0751). The informed consent from each patient was waived because of the retrospective nature of this study.
: IO, CJ, SNS, COM, TS, CR, and JS declare that they have no conflict of interest.JAC served as a consultant/scientific advisory board member for Pfizer, Carestream, and Image Analysis Group.AAS has received ownership interest from Paradigm Spine, LLC., and Spinal Kinetics, Inc., research support from Spinal Kinetics, Inc., and MiMedx Group, Inc., served as a consultant/scientific advisory board member for Clariance Inc., Nuvasive, Inc., Capital Royality, LP., Kuros Biosciences AG, Ortho Development Corp, 4WEB, Inc., Leerink Partners, LLC., and Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc.FPC has received royalties from Nuvasive, Inc., served as a consultant/scientific advisory board member Vertical Spine, LLC., 4WEB Medical, Healthpoint Capital Partners, LP, Orthobond Corporation, Woven Orthopedic Technologies, received ownership interest from VBVP VI, LLC., received research support from Spinal Kinetics, Inc.; Ivy Healthcare Capital Partners, LLC; ISPH II, LLC; NuVasive, Inc., Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Centinel Spine, Inc. (fka Raymedica, LLC), Beatrice & Samuel A. Seaver Foundation, 4WEB Medical, Woven Orthopedic Technologies, Depuy Synthes, Orthobond Corporation, Pfizer, Inc., Paradigm Spine, LLC,7D Surgical, Inc. received others from Spinal Kinetics, Inc., Vertical Spine, LLC, Bonovo Orthopedics, Inc., Viscogliosi Brothers, LLC, Liventa Bioscience (fka AF Cell Medical), Woven Orthopedic Technologies, Healthpoint Capital Partners, LP, Paradigm Spine, LLC, Tissue Differentiation Intelligence, LLC.FPG has received royalties from Lanx/Zimmer Biomet Spine, Depuy Synthes Spine, Nuvasive, Inc., Ortho Development Corp., ownership interest from Healthpoint Capital Partners, Paradigm Spine, LLC, Centinel Spine, Inc., and Liventa BioSciences, Inc., grant from Nuvasive, Inc., and MiMedx Group, Inc., outside of this work and served as a consultant for Ortho Development Corp, Nuvasive, Inc., Depuy Synthes Spine, and Lanx/Zimmer Biomet Spine.APH has received research support from Pfizer, Inc., grants from Nuvasive, Inc., and 4WEB Medical.