Article History
Received: 21 September 2020
Accepted: 22 December 2020
First Online: 18 January 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: All data of relevance for the present manuscript are provided directly in the manuscript, or in the Supplementary Information.
: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Susann Fayyaz and Reinhard Kreiling are employees of Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH; companies of the Clariant Group produce and market parabens, among other products. Ursula G. Sauer was contracted by Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH to assist in writing the manuscript. The authors alone are responsible for the writing and the contents of the manuscript.
: All in vivo studies were required under the EU REACH Regulation (EP and Council 2006). They were all conducted at BSL BIOSERVICE in Planegg, Germany. BSL BIOSERVICE has earned full accreditation from the Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) International. It has been certified in accordance with GLP and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), and it has further been accredited with DIN EN ISO 17025 for biocompatibility testing of medical devices. In accordance with the German Animal Protection Law, all studies were subjected to the ethical review process and authorised by the Animal Welfare Administration of the Government of Upper Bavaria (Germany).