Smith, Douglas A.
Blough, Bruce E.
Banks, Matthew L.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA031718)
Virginia Commonwealth University
Article History
Received: 26 June 2016
Accepted: 17 September 2016
First Online: 5 October 2016
Compliance with ethical standards
: The experiments were conducted in accordance with the eighth edition of <i>Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals</i> (CitationRef removed) and under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved research and enrichment protocols.
: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01DA031718 and R01DA012970 and institutional professional development funds. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
: Mr. Smith declares no conflicts of interest. Dr. Blough declares NIH has funded his research. Dr. Banks declares NIH has funded his research. During the past 3 years, he has received compensation as a collaborator with Purdue pharmaceutical for projects related to opioid pharmacology and drug development. Dr. Banks declares that the present study was not related to this professional relationship and should not be perceived as constituting a conflict of interest.