Bridges, Robert L. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-7875
Cho, Christina S.
Beck, Marc R.
Gessner, Bradford D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6216-7194
Tower, Stephen S. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2686-3213
Article History
Received: 28 September 2019
Accepted: 5 December 2019
First Online: 20 December 2019
Compliance and ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The University of Alaska-Anchorage IRB determined that the use of redacted patient data did not meet the definition of human subject research under the purview of the IRB according to federal regulations. Letter of determination dated May 2, 2019, is available for review.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.