Vitale, Jessica D.
Jordan, Neil R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0712-8301
Gilfillan, Geoffrey D.
McNutt, J. W.
Reader, Tom
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and Cleveland Zoological Society (Africa Seed Grant)
National Geographic Conservation Trust (C270-14)
Roger Williams Park Zoo (Sophie Danforth Conservation Biology Fund)
Toronto Zoo Endangered Species Reserve Fund (NA)
Wilderness Wildlife Trust (NA)
Article History
Received: 21 January 2020
Revised: 16 August 2020
Accepted: 20 August 2020
First Online: 9 September 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: This research was conducted under research permit EWT 8/36/4 XXV (15) issued by the Botswana Ministry of Environment, Wildlife, and Tourism, and with ethical approval from the University of Nottingham School of Life Sciences without requiring formal review by the ethics committee due to the observational and noninvasive nature of the study. Guidelines for the use of animals in ethological research, as outlined in Sherwin et al. CitationRef removed, were followed throughout this study.