Li, Donglai http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-5148
Hauber, Mark E http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-4928
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Geographic Society (NGS-60453R-19)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31911540468; 31672316)
Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China (2019-MS-154)
China Scholarship Council (201806805010)
Article History
Received: 7 July 2020
Revised: 16 December 2020
Accepted: 21 December 2020
First Online: 3 January 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the use of animals were followed. This study was permitted by governmental (USFWS #MB08861A-3) and institutional (UIUC IACUC #17259) research agencies. No redwing nestling was harmed or died as a result of our manipulations, and we did not detect parents avoiding to feed during the experiment or any differences in predation rates between experimental and non-experimental nests.