Schamberg, Isaac http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-1432
Clay, Zanna
Townsend, Simon W.
Surbeck, Martin
Funding for this research was provided by:
Leakey Foundation
National Geographic Society
University of Zurich
Article History
Received: 9 May 2022
Revised: 19 December 2022
Accepted: 22 December 2022
First Online: 14 January 2023
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the current laws in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Switzerland, and the USA. The research was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Pennsylvania (Protocol no. 804117) and also adhered to the guidelines set forth by the Animal Behaviour Society. Furthermore, observers took the following precautions to minimize stress for subject animals: (1) maintaining at least 7 m of distance from animals; (2) remaining as quiet as possible and never interacting in any way with the bonobos; (3) wearing surgical facemasks at all times to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission.
: The authors declare no competing interests.