Barnas, Andrew F. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0990-4666
Iles, David T. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-4938
Stechmann, Tanner J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5767-0222
Wampole, Erin M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-461X
Koons, David N.
Rockwell, Robert F. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-8623
Ellis-Felege, Susan N. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-0055
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (13197000)
North Dakota EPSCoR Infrastructure Improvement Program-Doctoral Dissertation Assistantship (OIA-1355466)
Wapusk National Park
Arctic Goose Joint Venture
Central and Mississippi Flyway Councils
North Dakota View Scholarship
National Geographic Society
College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Dakota
Department of Biology, University of North Dakota
Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada
Delta Waterfowl
California Waterfowl Association
Article History
Received: 12 March 2019
Revised: 7 March 2020
Accepted: 10 March 2020
First Online: 26 March 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest or competing interests to declare. Data collection in Wapusk was authorized by Wapusk National Park Permits: WAP-2012-11199, WAP-2015-18760, WAP-2018-27940, WAP 2013-13534, and WAP-2016-2149; Canadian Wildlife Services Permits: 11-MB-SC001 and 16-MB-SC001; Utah State University IACUC Protocols 2208 and 2018, University of North Dakota IACUC approvals #A3917-01 and Protocols 1505-10, 1601-2, and 1801-3C.