Howlett, David C.
Drinkwater, Karl J.
Mahmood, Nadia
Illes, Jozsef
Griffin, Jill
Javaid, Kassim
Article History
Received: 13 December 2019
Revised: 5 March 2020
Accepted: 30 March 2020
First Online: 20 May 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Professor David C Howlett.
: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.
: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.
: Written informed consent was not required for this study because approval for this type of study is not required in the UK, as patient data are anonymised and are used only to further best medical practice.
: Institutional Review Board approval was not required because ethical approval is not required for clinical audit in the UK.
: • Retrospective• Cross-sectional study• Multicentre study