Engl, Christina
Tiemann, Laura http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-5459
Grahl, Sophia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-9625
Bussas, Matthias http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-6487
Schmidt, Paul
Pongratz, Viola http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-1080
Berthele, Achim
Beer, Annkathrin
Gaser, Christian http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-099X
Kirschke, Jan S. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-0003
Zimmer, Claus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4805-9103
Hemmer, Bernhard http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-6784
Mühlau, Mark http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-2709
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (428223038)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01GI1604A)
Article History
Received: 30 December 2019
Revised: 27 March 2020
Accepted: 14 April 2020
First Online: 23 April 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. None of the authors reports conflicts of interest related to this work. C. Engl, Laura Tiemann, Sophia Grahl, M. Bussas, Paul Schmidt, Christian Gaser, Annkathrin Beer, and Claus ZImmer have nothing to disclose. Viola Pongratz received research funding from Novartis (Oppenheim Förderpreis 2017). J. Kirschke has received travel support from Kaneka Europe as well as speaker honoraria from Philips Healthcare. A. Berthele reports grants from Bayer Healthcare, personal fees from Biogen, Merck Serono, Teva, Novartis, and Genzyme, and compensations for clinical trials from Biogen, Novartis, Genzyme, Roche, Teva, and Alexion k. B. Hemmer has served on scientific advisory boards for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, Bayer AG, and Genentech; he has served as DMSC member for AllergyCare; he or his institution have received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, Merck Serono, Medimmune, Novartis, Desitin, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; his institution has received research support from Chugai Pharmaceuticals and Hoffmann-La-Roche; holds part of two patents; one for the detection of antibodies and T cells against KIR4.1 in a subpopulation of MS patients and one for genetic determinants of neutralizing antibodies to interferon β. M. Mühlau received research support from Merck Serono and Novartis.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The study protocol of the TUM-MS cohort study was approved by the local ethics committee.
: Patients gave written informed consent that their de-identified data are used for scientific purposes.