de Sitter, Alexandra
,
Verhoeven, Tom
Burggraaff, Jessica
Liu, Yaou
Simoes, Jorge
Ruggieri, Serena
Palotai, Miklos
Brouwer, Iman
Versteeg, Adriaan
Wottschel, Viktor
Ropele, Stefan
Rocca, Mara A.
Gasperini, Claudio
Gallo, Antonio
Yiannakas, Marios C.
Rovira, Alex
Enzinger, Christian
Filippi, Massimo
De Stefano, Nicola
Kappos, Ludwig
Frederiksen, Jette L.
Uitdehaag, Bernard M. J.
Barkhof, Frederik
Guttmann, Charles R. G.
Vrenken, Hugo
Funding for this research was provided by:
Amsterdam UMC
Article History
Received: 4 May 2020
Revised: 22 June 2020
Accepted: 23 June 2020
First Online: 3 July 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: AdS is employed on a project sponsored by a research grant from Teva Pharmaceuticals (grant to H. Vrenken and F. Barkhof). TV has no disclosures. YL has no disclosures related to this paper. JB has no disclosures. JS has no disclosures. SR received fees as invited speaker or travel expenses for attending meeting from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Teva, Sanofi, Novartis. MP has no disclosures. IB is partly employed on projects sponsored by research grants from Teva Pharmaceuticals and Novartis Pharma (grants to HV and FB). AV has no disclosures. VW has no disclosures related to this paper. SR has no disclosures related to this paper. MAR received speakers’ honoraria from Biogen Idec, Novartis, Genzyme, Sanofi-Aventis, Teva, Merck Serono, Roche and Celgene and receives research support from the Italian Ministry of Health and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. CG received fees as speaker for Bayer-Schering Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, Genzyme, Biogen, Teva, Novartis, and Merck-Serono, and received a grant for research by Teva. AG has no disclosures related to this paper. MCY has no disclosures. AR has no disclosures related to this paper. CE has no disclosures related to this paper. MF is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology; received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; and receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Roche, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA). NDS has no disclosures related to this paper. LK has no disclosures related to this paper. JLF declares personal fees from Biogen Idec, Merck Serono and Sanofi-Aventis, participation in scientific advisory boards for Almiral, Genzyme and Novartis, personal fees (speaker honoraria) from Biogen, Merck, Santhera and Teva, all unrelated to this paper. FB has received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Teva, Bracco and IXICO. CRGG has received support from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the International Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance, the U.S. Office for Naval Research, Mobilengine (free use of platform and programming by Mobilengine Engineers), NIH, as well as travel support from Roche Pharmaceuticals; C.R.G owns stock in Roche, Novartis, GSK, Alnylam, Protalix Biotherapeutics, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Cocrystal Pharma, Sangamo Therapeutics. HV has received research grants from Pfizer, MerckSerono, Novartis and Teva, speaker honoraria from Novartis, and consulting fees from MerckSerono; all funds were paid directly to his Institution.
: The local ethical review boards had approved the original study. All patients and controls provided written informed consent for participating in the original study and for the use of their brain MRI-scans.