Andorra, Magi
Freire, Ana
Zubizarreta, Irati
de Rosbo, Nicole Kerlero
Bos, Steffan D.
Rinas, Melanie
Høgestøl, Einar A.
de Rodez Benavent, Sigrid A.
Berge, Tone
Brune-Ingebretse, Synne
Ivaldi, Federico
Cellerino, Maria
Pardini, Matteo
Vila, Gemma
Pulido-Valdeolivas, Irene
Martinez-Lapiscina, Elena H.
Llufriu, Sara
Saiz, Albert
Blanco, Yolanda
Martinez-Heras, Eloy
Solana, Elisabeth
Bäcker-Koduah, Priscilla
Behrens, Janina
Kuchling, Joseph
Asseyer, Susanna
Scheel, Michael
Chien, Claudia
Zimmermann, Hanna
Motamedi, Seyedamirhosein
Kauer-Bonin, Josef
Brandt, Alex
Saez-Rodriguez, Julio
Alexopoulos, Leonidas G.
Paul, Friedemann
Harbo, Hanne F.
Shams, Hengameh
Oksenberg, Jorge
Uccelli, Antonio
Baeza-Yates, Ricardo
Villoslada, Pablo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-6119
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (ID-43)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AC1500052)
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Article History
Received: 24 June 2023
Revised: 28 October 2023
Accepted: 22 November 2023
First Online: 22 December 2023
Declarations
:
: Magi Andorra is an employee of Hoffman-La Roche AG. Yet this article is related to his activity at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Ana Freire reports no disclosures. Irati Zubizarreta received reimbursement from Genzyme, Biogen, Merck, and Bayer-Schering. Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas is currently an employee of UCB pharma. Yet this article is related to her activity at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. She has received travel reimbursement from Roche Spain and Genzyme-Sanofi, European Academy of Neurology, and European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis for international and national meetings over the last 3 years; she holds a patent for an affordable eye-tracking system to measure eye movement in neurologic diseases, and she holds stock in Aura Innovative Robotics. Elena H Martinez-Lapiscina is an employee of the European Medicines Agency (Human Medicines) since 16 April 2019. Yet this article is related to her activity at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and consequently. It does not in any way represent the views of the Agency or its Committees. Sara Llufriu received compensation for consulting services and speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Novartis, TEVA, Genzyme, Sanofi, and Merck. Albert Saiz received compensation for consulting services and speaker honoraria from Bayer-Schering, Merck-Serono, Biogen-Idec, Sanofi-Aventis, TEVA, Novartis, and Roche. Eloy Martinez-Heras reports no disclosures. Elisabeth Solana received travel reimbursement from Sanofi and ECTRIMS and reports personal fees from Roche Spain. Melanie Rinas reports no disclosures. Julio Saez-Rodriguez reports no disclosures. Steffan Bos reports no disclosures. Maria Cellerino reports no disclosures. Federico Ivaldi reports no disclosures. Matteo Pardini received research support from Novartis and Nutricia and honoraria from Merk and Novartis. Gemma Vila reports no disclosures. Sigrid A. de Rodez Benavent reports no disclosures. Synne Brune Ingebetsen has received honoraria for lecturing from Biogen and Novartis. Priscilla Bäcker-Koduah is funded by the DFG Excellence grant to FP (DFG exc 257) and is a Junior scholar of the Einstein Foundation. Tone Berge has received unrestricted research grants from Biogen and Sanofi-Genzyme. Einar Høgestøl received honoraria for lecturing and advisory board activity from Biogen, MS-union, Merck, and Sanofi-Genzyme and unrestricted research grant from Merck. Friedemann Paul received honoraria and research support from Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Chugai, Merck Serono, Novartis, Genzyme, MedImmune, Shire, Teva, and serves on scientific advisory boards for Alexion, MedImmune, and Novartis. He has received funding from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Exc 257), Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis), Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation, EU Framework Program 7, National Multiple Sclerosis Society of the USA. Hanne F. Harbo reports no disclosures. Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo reports no disclosures. Claudia Chien received honoraria for speaking from Bayer and research funding from Novartis, unrelated to this study. Susanna Asseyer received a conference grant from Celgene and honoraria for speaking from Alexion, Bayer, and Roche. Janina Behrens reports no disclosures. Alex Brandt has a patent pending for Perceptive visual computing-based postural control analysis, Multiple sclerosis biomarker, Perceptive sleep motion analysis, and Fovea morphometry; consulted for Motognosis; is on the executive board of IMSVISUAL; received research support from Novartis, Biogen, BMWi, BMBF, and the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation; and holds stock or stock options in Motognosis. Leonidas G Alexopoulos is founder and hold stocks at ProtATonce. Antonio Uccelli received grants and contracts from FISM, Novartis, Biogen, Merck, Fondazione Cariplo, Italian Ministry of Health, received honoraria, or consultation fees from Biogen, Roche, Teva, Merck, Genzyme, Novartis. Ricardo Baeza-Yates reports no disclosures. Pablo Villoslada has received consultancy fees and hold stocks from Accure Therapeutics SL, Attune Neurosciences Inc, Spiral Therapeutics Inc, QMenta Inc, CLight Inc, NeuroPrex Inc, Oculis SA and Adhera Health Inc. Other authors do not have competing interests.
: The machine learning analysis was conducted by Magi Andorra, Ana Freire, and Ricardo Baeza-Yates, and supervised by Pablo Villoslada.