Wrenn, Sean M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-845X
Pandian, T. K. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3740-591X
Gartland, Rajshri M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2678-2111
Fong, Zhi Ven http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-413X
Nehs, Matthew A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-9749
Article History
Received: 15 June 2020
Accepted: 14 December 2020
First Online: 1 February 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.
: Given the retrospective nature of this research, a waiver of informed consent was obtained by the Institutional Review Board.
: “CESQIP and the hospitals participating in CESQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors. The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the official position of the AAES or CESQIP. Use of CESQIP data does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.”
: Not applicable