Oshina, Masahito
Tanaka, Masashi
Oshima, Yasushi
Tanaka, Sakae
Riew, K. Daniel
Article History
Received: 22 August 2017
Revised: 14 February 2018
Accepted: 13 March 2018
First Online: 23 March 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
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: No funds were received in support of this work. Dr. Riew receives royalties from Biomet and Medtronic, owns stock in Osprey, Expanding Orthopedics, Spineology, Spinal Kinetics, Nexgen Spine, Amedica, Vertiflex, Benvenue, Paradigm Spine, receives honorarium from Biomet, Medtronic, Zeiss, and AO Spine. Dr. Sakae Tanaka receives honorarium from MSD K.K, ASAHI KASEI PHARMA CORPORATION, Astellas Pharma Inc, Eisai Co., Ltd, KAKEN PHARMACEUTICAL CO.LTD, Johnson & Johnson K. K, DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY LIMITED, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Eli Lilly Japan K. K, Pfizer Japan inc, TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED, AbbVie GK, ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD, Amgen Astellas BioPharma K. K, Amgen inc, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, receives endowments from AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer Japan inc, DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY LIMITED, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, and receives grants from The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research. Dr. Oshina, Dr. Oshima, and Dr. Masashi Tanaka have nothing to disclose.